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Electromagnetic Associates, LLC
416 West Woodlawn Ave North Augusta, SC 29841
info@emag-associates.com
(540) 737-8173
Electrical Power Transmission
Electrical Power Transmission systems allow for the bulk transfer of power transfer generation stations to substations near demand centers. A robust network of bulk power transmission is essential for maintaining stable and reliable power delivery, as well as for redundancy and recovery from major system events.
- Synchrophasor Data
Monitoring and control technologies are being deployed across the grid and are increasingly being relied upon for increasing grid efficiency and maintaining grid stability. The trends toward renewable energy sources, that can often be intermittent, has required wider deployment of instantaneous grid state information and the ability to quickly react to changes in demand and available generation sources. Synchrophasor measurement equipment, sensors and communication links are potentially vulnerable to Electromagnetic Threats, such as and EMP, or IEMI.
- Substations
Substations are the critical points of control and protection in a transmission system. Substations are the nodes where bulk power is interchanged between different grid sections and voltages, as well as the connection point for power distribution systems. Substations must be able to react to changing grid conditions and instantaneously monitor load conditions and identify aberration in power sources and loads in order to protect high-value grid components from damage due to abnormal conditions, faults, or other events. Substations are vulnerable to Electromagnetic Threats like GMD, EMP, and IEMI.
Electrical Power Generation
Electrical Power Generation has never been more diverse and challenging. Electrical Power Generation includes:
- Base load power plants, such as coal, nuclear and hydroelectric facilities
- Peaking plants, such as gas-turbine facilities, and bulk battery storage inverters
- Renewable plants, such as wind, solar, and geothermal
- Other sources, such as co-generation, premises solar, and large-scale energy storage.
Each electrical power generation source has its own characteristics and vulnerabilities, with some vulnerabilities being catastrophic.
Water Treatment Plants
Water Treatment plants and water distribution systems rely heavily on grid power and controls that are vulnerable to Electromagnetic Threats along with facility monitors and controls. In the event of a large-scale or prolonged power outage, safe, drinkable water is the single most important resource that will need to be provided. Water treatment plants must be able to operate at all times, especially in large metropolitan areas where disease can propagate quickly.
Sewage Treatment Plants
Sewage Treatment Plants must also operate continuously, and rely heavily on grid power and other systems that are vulnerable to an Electromagnetic Threat. A failure of the sewage treatment infrastructure will lead to widespread disease, and downstream environmental and health impacts.
Law Enforcement Agencies
Law enforcement agencies rely on vulnerable communications, mobility, and information from sensors to restore and maintain order in extraordinary circumstances. The social environment immediately following an electromagnetic event, such as an EMP will tax Law Enforcement resources.
Fire Departments/EMS
Fire departments and Emergency Medical Services rely on vulnerable communications to manage and deploy resources during routine as well as extraordinary events, such as an Electromagnetic Pulse.
Hospitals
Hospitals rely heavily on the power grid, for everything they do. Most hospitals have provisions for backup power, but during an extended outage, this can be a key vulnerability for hospitals. Additionally, key diagnostic tools and communications are other electromagnetically vulnerable points in medical facilities
Telecommunications
Communications networks are vulnerable to electromagnetic threats. These networks including broadcast facilities, internet communications, cellular communications are critical to organizations and individuals to maintain situational awareness, coordinate recovery activities, and to convey important potentially life-saving information
Transportation
Transportation includes roads, mass-transit, airports, rail services, pipelines, and waterways. All of these systems rely on vulnerable monitoring and control infrastructure. Indeed, the vehicles themselves are also vulnerable to electromagnetic threats